Solutions Tovfinancial Accounting

2 Company Operations Tutorial Solutions Chapter 3 Company operations Review Questions 11. When do dividends become a legal debt of the company? When are they to be recognised as liabilities? Where a company has a constitution that provides for directors to declare a dividend, then a dividend becomes a debt of the company once the dividend is declared. Where no such statement exists in a company’s constitution, then the debt will only arise when the time for payment of the dividend arrives.However, a dividend determined or publicly recommended by the time of completion of the financial report but not on or before the reporting date must not be recognised as a liability as at the reporting date. Instead such a dividend must be disclosed in notes as an event after reporting date. See sections 3. 4. 1 and 3. 4. 2 of the chapter. 14. Discuss the nature of a reserve. What reasons may there be for no definitions being given for a reserve in the legislation, accounting standards and t he Conceptual Framework 2010?The term reserve is not defined in any accounting standard or the Corporations Act. AASB 101 describes the equity of a company as consisting of issued capital and reserves (para. 54(r)). In addition to retained earnings, the most common type of reserves are general, revaluation and foreign currency translation reserves, all of which can be considered as ‘direct adjustments to equity’. There appears to be no clear reason as to why the term ‘reserve’ is not defined in the legislation, standards, or the Conceptual Framework. Retained earnings’ is one category of reserves, according to AASB 101. Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , and Sweeting, J. , (2012) Solutions manual to accompany Company Accounting 9e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. Practice Questions QUESTION 3. 1 1. Retained Earnings/Interim Dividend Cash (Payment of interim dividend) Retained Earnings/ Dividend Declared Dividend Payable (Declaration of a final dividend) Revaluation Surplus General Reserve (Transfer from revaluation surplus to general reserve) Retained Earnings/ T’fer to ReserveGeneral Reserve (Transfer to general reserve) General Reserve Share Capital (Being bonus dividend out of general reserve) Dr Cr 200 000 200 000 2. Dr Cr 420 000 420 000 3. Dr Cr 65 000 65 000 4. Dr Cr 120 000 120 000 5. Dr Cr 300 000 300 000 QUESTION 3. 10 GERALDTON WAX LTD General journal 2013 Sept 15 Dividend Payable– Ordinary Dividend Payable– Preference Cash (Payment of ordinary dividend [400 000 x 16c +300 000 x 16c x 3/5 = $92 800] and preference dividend [$75 000 x 6%]) Dr Dr Cr 92 800 4 500 97 300Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , Sweeting, J. , and Radford, J. , (2009) Solutions manual to accompany Company Accounting 8e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. 2 Oct 20 Share Capital – Preference Retained Earnings/Redemption Premium (75 000 x 5%) Shareholders’ Redemption (Redemption of preference shares out of profits) Note: dividends do not accrue on the preference shares Retained Earnings/Transfer to Share Capital Share Capital – Ordinary (Retained earnings transferred to capital.NOTE: no dividends will be paid on this share capital) Oct 25 Shareholders’ Redemption Cash (Payment of cash to redeem preference shares) Nov 30 Cash Share Capital – Ordinary ‘A’ (Renounceable rights issue) [400 000/5 = 80 000 x 1. 90] Dec 20 Share Issue Costs (Share Capital) Cash (Payment of share issue costs) 2014 Jan 10 Retained Earnings/Transfer to reserve General Reserve (Transfer to general reserve) Feb 28 Cash Share Capital – Ordinary ‘C’ (Issue of shares to options holders) [70 000 x $1. 0] Share Options Share Capital – Ord ‘C’ Lapsed Options Reserve (Transfer of options account, 35 000 exercised and 5 000 lapsed) [70 000/2 = 35 000 x 60c = 21 000] Dr Dr Cr 75 000 3 750 78 750 Dr Cr 75 000 75 000 Dr Cr 78 750 78,750 Dr Cr 152 000 152 000 Dr Cr 3 000 3 000 Dr Cr 35 000 35 000 Dr Cr 126 000 126 000 Dr Cr Cr 24 000 21 000 3 000 Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , Sweeting, J. , and Radford, J. , (2009) Solutions manual to accompany Company Accounting 8e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. April 30 Call – Ordinary ‘B’ Share Capital – Ordinary ‘B’ Call of 80c per share on Ordinary B shares) Calls in Advance (20 000 x 80c) Call – Ord ‘B’ (Transfer of calls in advance) May 31 Cash Call – Ord ‘B’ (Cash received on call) [(300 000 – 20 000 – 15 000) x 80c] June 18 Share Capital – Ordinary ‘B’ Call – Ordinary ‘B’ Forfeited Shares Liability (Forfeiture of 15 000 Ordinary B shares) 26 Cash Forfeited Shares Liability Share Capital – Ordinary ‘B’ (Reissue of 15 000 shares paid to $2 for payment of $1. 0) 27 Forfeited Shares Liability Cash (Refund to former shareholders) June 28 Retained Earnings/Dividend Declared Dividend Payable (Dividend declared) [Workings from the entries above: 400 000 + 300 000 + 80 000 + 70 000 – 15 000 + 15 000= 850 000 x 20c] Dr Cr 240 000 240 000 Dr Cr 16 000 16 000 Dr Cr Dr Cr Cr 212 000 212 000 30 000 12 000 18 000 Dr Dr Cr 27 000 3 000 30 000 Dr Cr 15 000 15 000 Dr Cr 170 000 170 000 Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , Sweeting, J. , and Radford, J. , (2009) Solutions manual to accompany Company Accounting 8e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. 4

The panama canal

Since the United States began to feel an upcoming conflict with Spain, we were prepared to go to war. They decided to send the US Oregon from California to Cuba only there was one issue.. The voyage would take over 60 days and 14000 miles to land on Cuba. Not only that but in this process the US Oregon had to stop in South America multiple times to fuel up on coal. At this point the U. S new it was time for a change. They found a way to cut their voyage nearly in half by making a canal that connected the Atlantic to the Pacific.This makes transporting goods, and essential supplies a much quicker process. Incidents leading up to the event†¦ The French were really the masterminds behind this constructions. They started the entire process towards making the canal but in the process, they ran into some issues and went bankrupt. Later on the U. S decided to pick up were the French left off. After getting everything approved in the U. S, Colombia denied us of any right to the property on which the construction was being done. This led up to the Panamanian people rebelling and winning their independence. This now allowed theU. S to finally get a start on completing the canal. What occurred during the construction? The construction finally began in 1904 with over 40,000 workers on the construction site. These workers had to deal with not only Jungle weather but as well as all the dangerous Jungle wildlife there was out there. There was very high temperature, unstable land, and very frequent rain. Sometimes if would rain so often that the river would flood; making construction very difficult. Therefore they built a dam to help with the over flow of water and this defiantly but them back on track with the construction.Despite the numerous accounts for trying to make work conditions safer, over 5,000 workers died due to diseases and accidents on the Job. Results of the Canal†¦ The construction of the canal cost America over $375 million dollars, only now their v oyage was only 40 miles to their destination. They cut the trip by 8,000 miles which is more than half of watt it would have been before. This canal helped the U. S move about much quicker and we had the full support of Latin America. Although in 1914 (official opening) the canal was guarded by the U. S military, it now belongs to the Panamanian but is still used as a trade route for the U. S.

Typography and Professional Nursing

N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Week 2 Assignment Instructions: Personal Philosophy of Nursing Submit by 0800 Monday of Week 3. NOTE: You will create a new Word document for this Assignment instead of typing directly into this document. Overview: â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Nursing† In this week’s Assignment, you will draft a formal paper expressing your personal philosophy of nursing. In this paper, you will provide a framework for your personal practice of nursing and reflect on why you chose nursing as a profession.Your paper will define how you interact with patients, family members, other nurses, and other health care professionals. Since this is your first formal paper for the program, be sure to use the resources listed below to ensure you are using the proper formatting, scholarly language, and saving and submitting procedures as you write and submit your assignment. Resources ANA Code of Ethics, 2001* APA Module* http://isites. harvard. edu/icb /icb. do? keyword=apa_exposed (This is also printable. Follow instructions in the tutorial. Scholarly Writing Tips* (*Available in the Resource section of this week) MS Word Help and How-To Word 2007 – http://office. microsoft. com/enus/word/FX100649251033. aspx? CTT=96&Origin=CL100636481033 Word 2003 – http://office. microsoft. com/enus/word/FX100649261033. aspx? CTT=96&Origin=CL100636481033 Review your course readings, lecture, and your Week 2 Resources before completing this week’s Assignment. Performance Objectives †¢ Compose a personal philosophy of nursing. †¢ Correlate historical, ethical, and/or political factors influencing professional nursing practice with what you believe the core of nursing is and should be. Apply professional practice standards. †¢ Use correct grammar, punctuation, and American Psychological Association (APA) format in writing professional papers.  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 1 of 6 N3645 Transition to Profess ional Nursing Part A Rubric Use this rubric to guide your work on the Week 2 Assignment, â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Nursing. † Tasks Accomplished Proficient Needs Improvement ? Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper Format (Total 40 points) Title Page No mistakes in APA format (5 points) Headings and References Uses APA format for headings and to cite 2 references. 25 points) Writing Conventions Professional grammar, spelling, and punctuation; paragraphs of at least 3, well-written sentences (10 points) Title Page Errors in APA format (4 points) Headings and References Cites 1 reference and includes headings in APA format. (20 points) Writing Conventions No more than 8 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in the entire paper. (8 points) No Title Page (0 points) Headings and References Does not cite references and/or include headings. (0 points) Writing Conventions More than 8 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in the entire paper (5 points)  ©2008 UTA School of NursingPage 2 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Tasks ? Accomplished Introduction Writes a comprehensive overview of the paper in 1-2 paragraphs. (5 points) Choice of Nursing Clearly answers question in 2-3 paragraphs. (10 points) Essence of Nursing Clearly answers question in 2-3 paragraphs with correlations to historical, ethical, and political factors. (10 points) Beliefs and Values Answers each of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (15 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for all 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs. (10 points) Summary Answers both questions in separate paragraphs. 10 points) Proficient Introduction Writes an overview of the paper in 1-2 paragraphs. (4 points) Choice of Nursing Answers question in 1 paragraph. (8 points) Essence of Nursing Answers question in 2-3 paragraphs without correlation to historical, ethical, and political factors (8 points) Beliefs and Values Answers 3 of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (12 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for 2 of the 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs (8 points) Summary Answers 1 question in a separate paragraph. (8 points) Needs Improvement No Introduction (0 points) Content (Total 60 points)Choice of Nursing Does not answer question. (0 points) Essence of Nursing Does not clearly answer question. (5 points) Beliefs and Values Answers 1 or 2 of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (5 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for 1 of the 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs. (3 points) Summary Does not directly address either question. (4 points)  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 3 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper †¢ Use the following outline to guide composition of your personal philosophy of nursing. Follow both the content and format criteria in completing your composition. †¢ Open a new Word document, and save it to your Desktop with the filename, â€Å"yourname_Personal_Philosophy,† inserting your name in place of â€Å"yourname. † †¢ Begin your paper by setting the margins, font, and Header. (See MS Word Help. ) †¢ Click â€Å"Save† often to keep from accidentally losing your work. Content Criteria Section or Section Title Entire paper Description †¢ 1† margins all around †¢ Font – Times New Roman, 12 pt †¢ Double-spaced †¢ â€Å"Header† with short title and page How-To and Tips Select File – Page Setup†¦ †¢ Select Format – Font†¦ †¢ Select Format – Paragraph†¦ †¢ Select View – Header and number, right-justified Footer†¦ (Refer to the MS Word â€Å"Help and How To† links if you need help with any of these tasks. ) The short title should be in upperand lower-case, or â€Å"Title Case. † †¢ Professional grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and paragraphs compose d of at least 3 well-written sentences each Title Page †¢ Just below Header, include a â€Å"running †¢ See â€Å"Scholarly Writing Tips† head† as shown below, left-justified: (Replace â€Å"CAPITALIZED ABBREVIATED TITLE† with an abbreviated version of your paper’s title. See guidelines in section 5. 15 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition Running head: CAPITALIZED ABBREVIATED TITLE †¢ Title in upper half of page, centered, The running head appears only on the title page, and includes the words â€Å"Running head. † You can access the UTA directions and an example title page by looking in the Resources tab on the left menu of the course in Weeks 1-6. upper- & lower-cased letters (Title Case) o Title is content of unique paper, not assignment title; add your name or a unique descriptor to the title so not everyone’s is â€Å"Philosophy of Nursing. †¢ Student name, with â€Å"Un iversity of  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Texas Page 4 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A at Arlington† underneath †¢ The following information centered, 1† from the bottom: (Fill in course, faculty details. ) Your finished Title Page should resemble this snapshot: In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Course name and number Faculty name, credentials Submission date Online RN-BSN (Introduction) Overview of the paper (1-2 paragraphs) Put title of paper at the top, centered, in Title Case. No section title, just start paragraphs (Remember to indent each paragraph! )Choice of Nursing Why did you choose nursing? (2-3 paragraphs) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. Essence of Nursing What do you believe the core of nursing is and should be? Correlate historical, ethical, and/or political factors influencing professional nursing practice. (2-3 paragraphs) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) Beliefs and ValuesWhat do you believe about patients? ( 1 paragraph) What do you believe about the patient’s family and significant others? (1 paragraph) What do you believe about your fellow health care providers? (1 paragraph) What do you believe about your own  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 5 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A health? (1 paragraph) Vision for the Future What do you want to be doing in 2 years? (1 paragraph) 5 years? (1 paragraph) 10 years? (1 paragraph) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. Summary What strengths do you have that will support your achievement of your professional goals? (1 paragraph) What li mitations will you need to overcome to achieve your professional goals? (1 paragraph) References †¢ Title of this page is Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) â€Å"References† should be centered at the top of the page just below the header. Be sure to left-justify the first line of each citation, but indent subsequent lines 5 spaces. References centered on top of page †¢ At least 2 professional references. Put references in alphabetical order by author’s name. Submitting Your Assignment †¢ Click Open at the bottom of the Assignment screen, then click Browse and navigate to the Desktop where your paper is located. Select the final version of your paper to upload. (Look for the file â€Å"yourname_Personal_Philosophy†. ) †¢ When you’ve selected your paper, click Open in the â€Å"Choose document to submit† dialogue box to att ach the file. The path and filename should then show up in the â€Å"Attachment:† space. Click Close, then click Submit at the bottom of the Assignment screen. †¢  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 6 of 6

Protein Article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protein Article - Research Paper Example In humans, protein requirements depend on age, sex and weight. According to World Health Organisation rapid growth occurs during the period of infancy which ranges from 0-1 years. Growth is made up of increase in height, weight and mass. It also involves the development and maturation of various body systems. The rapid increase in growth is marked by an increase in the number and sizes of the body cells. This solely depends on the amount of protein provided in the diet. According to WHO, infants require about 0.8 g/kg body weight of dietary protein while as adults require about 0.5g/kg for growth (Scrimshaw, 2002). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocates that a full term should be feed exclusively on breast milk for the first six months. Proteins constitute 6% of breast milk and are essential for the growing infant. According to the WHO, protein requirements are determined by the weight of an individual. Infants require more proteins as a percentage of body weight when compared to adults. An infant who weighs an average weight of 10kg requires 11.8g/day of protein while an adult who weigh about 50kg requires about 42g/day (Barrett, 2009). This is because infants have a high energy demand owing to the high surface area to volume ratio. This means that infants loss more heat than adults thus have a higher caloric demand as compared to adults. The intestines of a normal adult contain bacteria also known as normal flora. These organisms aid in the breakdown of complex protein to simple amino acids which are easily absorbed. The breaking down of dietary proteins to absorbable amino acids also requires complex enzymes. However, in infants these mechanisms are not fully developed (Barrett, 2009). This means that infants have to consume large amounts of proteins to meet their daily dietary requirement. In conclusion, protein requirements depend on the age, sex and

Policy Brief Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Policy Brief - Research Paper Example It is however regrettable that to some extent, human actions and activities have promoted the rise of the aspect or issue of climate change. Conversely, empirical evidence and studies have pointed to the direction that as much as there are natural causes or acts of God which are beyond human control. For instance, when the volcanic eruptions occur or there a significant drift in the plate tectonics, it follows that climatic patterns would change considerably. There are also biotic processes and conditionalities alongside the instances of solar radiation. However, a keen interest lies on the contribution of the human activities to this phenomenon and how we as the human race could reverse the situation. It is important to note and mention that the human activities bring to the fore the aspect of global warming whose effects need no over-emphasis at this point in time. Thus, curative measures and approaches ought to be taken to ensure climate change is brought under control and measures taken to correct the same. It is my guided view and opinion that the virtue of your position as the executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, you could oversee the policy framework and borderlines to help address the issue of climate change. It is a public knowledge and common fact that once your office with your interests takes a matter of interest, then the whole world would listen to it. Thus, it would be important if the organization which you head, takes the matter so as to give the notion and the whole concept of climate change global attention. It goes without saying that as much as the consequences and the effects of global change are dire, without proper attention to address it then the effects would continue to affect the society as a whole (Caney, 750). Empirical studies and evidence have suggested that when a volcano erupts, there is a sufficient amount of sulphur dioxide, dust, water vapor and ash which are

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of Essay - 2

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of valuing securities and their risk. What are the drawbacks - Essay Example The CAPM focuses on a single holding period and assumes the investors can borrow or lend at the risk free rate. There are no limits on short sales and all investors have homogenous estimates of return, risk, and variances. There are no taxes and transaction costs and all assets are highly liquid and marketable. The quantities of the assets are fixed and there is perfect market meaning investors cannot influence price and are price takers. The CAPM is based on the Capital Market line and the Security Market Line. The CML implies that all investors under the CAPM assumption must hold a combination of risk free securities and a market portfolio. If the market is in equilibrium the market portfolio will consist of every security in the same proportion as it is in the market. The CML specifies the relationship between an efficient market portfolio’s risk and return. CAPM focuses on individual securities as well and the SML defines the relationship between the risk and return of ind ividual securities which can be figured out by using the risk premium formula RPm = (km –krf) bm The required return on a specific stock according to CAPM would be the sum of the risk free rate and the product of the risk premium into beta. ... Beta is the relevant risk of an asset and is calculated as the gradient of the characteristic line which is the plotting of historical returns of an individual stock. Beta measures the volatility of returns compared to the volatility in the market. It is the measure of risk used in the SML whereas standard deviation is used as the market risk measure in CML. Although, CAPM has been used in security valuations its assumptions do not reflect a real market setting. As most investors in the real world do not hold fully diversified efficient portfolios, the beta would not be a sufficient measure of risk and SML would not be applicable for the required rates of return. As there are taxes and transaction costs in reality and assets have different degrees of liquidity this assumption does not hold true either. All investors do not have same forecasts of expected risk and return and they usually borrow according to their credit standing which is higher than the risk free rate. There is a disp arity in borrowing and lending rates which will distort the CML and thus the SML line. In many markets, large investors can influence price through buying and selling securities. Examples: Example 1: Krf= 6% Km=5% Beta for Kellogs foods is 1.2 Then the cost of equity would be = 6 + ( 6-5 ) 1.2 = 7.2 Example 2: The CAPM can be used to calculate the cost of common stock through the insertion of the risk free rate, expected market risk premium and the beta coefficient into the SML equation. For example: Krf= 8% Km=12% Beta for Kellogs foods is 1.2 Then the cost of equity would be = 8 + ( 12-8 ) 1.2 = 8 + 4.8 = 12.8 % The required return on Kellog’s stock would be 12.8%, 0.8% greater than the market return as its beta is greater than 1. However, due to

Medical Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medical Ethics - Essay Example Forceful circumstances that can dictate the amputation of limbs include stopping the spread of a certain condition like malignant cancer to other parts of the body, serious diabetes or an extensively fractured/damaged leg. However, some people may demand such a medical operation despite their perfect state of health. An example is a person with a rational desire to have one of their perfectly healthy limbs amputated. In such a case, serious issues in the field of medical ethics have to be considered before the physicians can go ahead with the amputation or reject this request. The aim of this paper is to give an argument that physicians have a moral reason to permit the individual to go through with the amputation. The second part of the paper gives an objection to this argument followed by a justification of the stronger argument. Argument in support for the amputation as a moral duty One of the critical ethical issues to be considered in the case of such a request is patient autono my. First of all, it is very true to say that every person has the right to do whatever they want with their bodies. This is because the issue of personal autonomy has to be respected. In fact, it is one of the ethical principles in the medical field. Despite this, any request concerning medical procedures that comes directly from the patient has to indicate some rationality behind it. In this case, the patient has expressed a rational desire to have their perfectly healthy limb amputated. Despite being a rational desire, the request has higher chances of being granted if it expresses the person’s autonomy. In order to arrive at a good conclusion regarding this case, it is important to make a thorough examination of the concept of rational desires and how they relate to personal autonomy. Savulescu made a distinction between desires and rational desires. According to him, a rational desire is a desire that a person expresses while in possession of all relevant facts while "vi vidly imagining" what its consequences would be for them. At the time of its expression, the person should not commit any relevant error of logic as well (Savulescu a 121). Savulescu goes ahead to explain that a desire must be a rational desire or satisfy a person's rational desires for it to be treated as an expression of the person's autonomy. The principle of autonomy has a big role in the medical field hence it is a general requirement that physicians should respect the autonomous choices of their patients. According to Beauchamp and Childress (99), autonomy can be described as self-rule, that is, free from limitations such as limited understanding, that may prevent rational/meaningful choices, and controlling inferences from other persons. From this description, it is clear that autonomy is complete if the person is in a position to make meaningful or rational choices. These choices are later expressed as rational desires. In other words, the expression of rational desires is t he practice of personal autonomy. On the other hand, autonomy is the expression of such rational demands. This means the concepts of rational desires and autonomy are inseparable. Instead, they are an expression of each other. This means any decision made within the boundaries of informed consent is a guided by both a respect to the rational autonomy of a person and their rational desires. Going against this informed consent will therefore

Discussion 2.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 2.1 - Essay Example For effective planning on such uncertainties both positive and negative, we must most importantly understand our environment and its extensions. These include the social circles, psychological domain, behavioral, just to mention but a few. In planning, a concrete and consistent model is only achieved when the personality of an individual is put into great consideration. This comes with basic constructs which must clearly be understood. For instance, an individual’s undertakings may often be dictated by taste, but if this is the trend then ultimately balance would miss. This is to say that one’s emotional desires shouldn’t solely dictate every future undertaking they chose to dwell in (Kimberly & Margie 2001). Time is a very significant parameter when planning for the life’s unexpected events. For instance, confronted by the expenses of a family to take care of, one would have to balance between their times for capacity building; in of case they that may be intending to jump the professional ladder. Without setting the priorities right, a balance may miss in settling family issues as well as attending to individual concerns that similarly amount to esteem (Kimberly & Margie

Burberry's Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Burberry's Success - Essay Example owth of the company is dependent on the factors of leveraging the franchise, intensifying development of non – apparel items, retailed growth, development of the markets and pursuit of operational excellence. The brand value has been stimulated through these particular aspects, which has led from a profit margin of $2783 million in 2006 to $3732 million in 2010. It is noted that the success is developed partly because of the expanded brand reach that has taken place with the marketing. This has been established because of the ability to use online elements for advertising and promotion as well as different demands and expectations that are related to the environment. This particular approach is one that has provided more options for retail operations within the company (Nomura, 2012). Not only is there an expansion in the marketing and development into other markets. The strategy of Burberry has looked at the competition with culture and innovation in terms of long term growth and meeting needs at a global level. The approach is one which is based on creating a social enterprise. The marketing used is one which has developed the brand name as a part of fashion trends that are also socially acceptable. This is inclusive of offering a variety of trends and social styles, including luxury brand items as well as more casual approaches that can be segmented into different target markets. To do this, there is a combination of online and offline tactics used to meet consumer expectations as well as the ability to evaluate the returns and evaluation with each of the products. Using this to leverage the culture and innovation is able to provide the company with more success and potential for growth, specifically because of the willingness to work with the apparel and the non... This paper stresses that the approach which Burberry is using is defined specifically with market segments that are used. The ability to have a specific market segment is first identified with the products that are available. The products are based on luxury items, changing luxury names and new brand items that can be identified. The innovation sed with the products can be used to open new lines to provide different alternatives for the company. The author of the essay declares that the marketing segmentation is one which can be further divided by the responses from the culture, specifically with the movement into globalization. The combined marketing approach with online and offline efforts can help to develop the identity of different marketing segments and cultural applications while creating and defining various alternatives to those that are interested in the different products. This report makes a conclusion that the initiatives that are created are developed specifically with the need to have a sense of accountability toward the changes. There needs to be a balance between the innovation of the products with the current brand reputation. Currently, Burberry is based on growth and development with innovation into an international market. This is being done without considering the risks and problems which may arise as well as the problems that are linked to working within this specific market.

HSA 535 WK10 DB1 and DB2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HSA 535 WK10 DB1 and DB2 - Coursework Example Although the causes of the infant’s deaths from SID have not yet been established, there is clear need of creating awareness to the mothers. The young mothers need to ensure that they take care of the sleeping positions of the infants so that do not cause their deaths. Additionally, young mothers should be taught on how to talk care of their children, especially when they are sleeping on the baby cots, because that is where many infant deaths occur (Fowler et al., 2013). Therefore, to reduce the alarming rate of deaths caused by SID, mothers should be informed on the ways to lay their babies while they sleep the right food to eat while pregnant to avoid low birth weights and keeping the babies warm to avoid respiratory infections. Fowler, A. J., Evans, P. W., Etchegaray, J. M., Ottenbacher, A., & Arnold, C. (2013). Safe Sleep Practices and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Risk Reduction NICU and Well-Baby Nursery Graduates. Clinical pediatrics, 52(11), 1044-1053. Your post was very informative and I agree with your point of view, because childhood obesity is not only a problem in Georgia, but also the whole of the United States. Lack of physical education in school and at home has contributed greatly to the increased number of children with obesity in Georgia. Therefore, making it important for the schools to change the nutrition program and increase physical activity to reduce the number of obese children. I agree with you on the focus of health services management should be and that is the on the health population they serve and not on the fiscal health of the institutions. This means we need a change of agents in the health care system in relation to aligning economic and social objectives to allow the improvement of population health. This course has been informative and there are various concepts that I have learned. First, there is need for creation of awareness in areas that are causing

Business Redesign for Healthlite Yogurt Company Essay Example for Free

Business Redesign for Healthlite Yogurt Company Essay Business Structure Healthlite’s corporate headquarters is located in Danbury, Connecticut. All production takes place in processing plants that are located in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California. Healthlite Yogurt Company has 20 sales regions, each with approximately 30 sales representatives. Healthlite has a 12 person in marketing division at corporate headquarters. Products Yogurt and related health products and new yogurt based products which would include frozen desserts and low-fat salad dressings. Major Business Processes for Sales The following are the way Healthlite conducts business in a day-to-day basis: Â · Sales persons must write up hard-copy tickets to place orders through the mail or by fax. Â · Each salesperson stores and retrieves data for assigned customer accounts using the minicomputer system in the regional office. Higher client satisfaction due to value-added customer service is one positive result. Decision-making can be improved because the information systems used are more efficient and can provide them accurate and updated data in real time. Improvement in control of resources (materials, labor and products) and organizational planning. Increased job satisfaction for employees’ particularly regional sales people whose jobs are now greatly facilitated with the aid of the new system. Major Business Process Changes The following major changes are required for the business redesigning plan. Eliminate the need for hard-copy tickets to place orders. Enter sales orders directly into enterprise-wide system instead of using around 20 workers at corporate headquarters to sort and to enter order tickets which could reached up to 500,000 order tickets per week. This also allows all systems users to have access to this data for analysis purposes. Do without the need of using snail mail and fax machines for taking orders. The new business system allows orders to be placed directly through the web site. No longer need to mail printed reports for individual salespeople and sales offices. Salespeople can access the system for needed information at anytime. Sales representatives no longer need to write and mail monthly reports to regional headquarters. Sales information can be accessed from the system. Managers can access up-to-date sales data in the new system anytime they need them. They no longer need to call subordinates and piece information together to update their reports. Announcements, promotional campaigns and pricing discounts can be quickly disseminated though the enterprise-wide system. Thus, helps in improving communication processes between sales managers and sales representatives. Customer Relationship Management tools are available to help with ordering. Customer history management, complaints, and real-time tracking service are also available for use. Reduce the time involved to process orders since faxing and mailing will no longer be required in order to place orders. As a result, this would enable shipments to be delivered on time. Thus, promoting customer satisfaction. Major New Technology Components of the Plan Upon analysis of Healthlite’s needs to implement technology to support the new business processes, an enterprise system comes highly recommended. This is so because an enterprise can best meet the demands and requirements. An enterprise system could link enterprise-wide information processes in turn improving the overall business efficiency. When the entire company is able to use a single software system, all departments can share information readily and freely. Enterprise systems enable the company to avail of a wide-ranging information system technology platform. This technology platform provides a single data warehouse or a databank that can be accessed by different departments to input and to obtain enterprise-wide information. Also, the new system enables data storage in one data warehouse, which will prevent inaccuracy in extracted information. The data should be grouped according to processing sites, but can be accessed by all users. This data storage process will allow differentiation among processing sites at the same time allowing enterprise-wide search capability. It is easy to see then the enterprise system is essential element in propelling Healthlite’s success as it moves into the future. An enterprise system into the Healthlite business will enable the managers to support business processes that will make the company more efficient. The enterprise system will allow for centralized data collection and entry. This centralized entry system will reduce or eliminate paper passing throughout the company. This system will also enable employees to view reports on-line which no longer requires printing of documents or doing paperwork manually unless necessary. This additional feature will help managers and market analysts in accurate sales planning, decision-making, and marketing strategy development by providing them with the ability to collect more accurate information to assist them. Healthlite must also improve the telecommunications infrastructure for the whole enterprise. E-mail capabilities will be needed throughout the company in order to eliminate the ineffective communication using snail mails and fax within the company. Email will enable speedy communication companywide. There is no need to do additional paper works by writing or typing requests. Also, the time and effort necessary to mail or fax the message will be greatly reduced through email. The message sent is received by the person addressed to in real time. If there are problems or requests required, the recipient on the email can quickly act on it. Intranet is another option the company could use. Intranet is a private computer network that can be accessed by authorized persons only. These will ensure that secret company information will not fall on the wrong hands. Adding Intranet and Internet service will definitely improve the company’s day-to-day operations. Recommendations To help facilitate the transition and to make better use of the technology or new system, the following recommendations are given: Â · Healthlite should install an entire enterprise system and not limit itself to the customer relationship management component, or better known as CRM, of the system. In order to be effective, Healthlite could introduce the changes phase by phase. This approach in implementing the enterprise software will enable users to adapt to the system well, starting with the order and sales process and advancing to the most difficult part slowly. Â · The systems development team must focus the development process of the new system on eliminating the existing business inefficiencies in manual reporting, hand order-tickets, and mail and fax order taking. Addition ally, the development team needs to follow the systems development lifecycle to establish its new customer relationship management (CRM) system. All users must be ably represented. This means that representatives in each company division must be involved in developing the system. They should be allowed to make suggestions at the same time provide necessary information in formulating the system. And all users need to have adequate information on the upcoming changes introduced to the system. Â · Healthlite should implement e-mail and Intranet use to improve its internal communications and productivity throughout the entire business. This could help do without the need for paperwork, snail mail and fax. The company should provide value-added customer service by including the customers during the design process of the business system. This is accomplished by soliciting feedback from customers in the form of questionnaires on a regular basis. Â · Due to the low shelf life of the produ cts they sell, Healthlite needs to ensure product freshness by improving the efficiency of its distribution of products and services to customers. With the new automated business system, orders are received and delivered immediately. The timely delivery of the products would ensure their freshness. Â · Management needs to address the accounting discrepancies incurred annually. The accounting problem should be identified and resolved in the design phase to make sure that the new business system they come up with is free of these errors and accounting discrepancies will not occur in the future. Â · Management also needs to ensure that the changes implemented in the business are done step by step especially that the company is in the midst of recent and rapid growth. Management needs to change its views regarding changes and adapt to the new business process accordingly. They should also lead the development process. Â · Managers need to wait until the new business process has materialized and the benefits of the new system are realized before implementing the headcount reduction in order to ensure a smooth cutover. Conclusions Despite its current business process problems, Healthlite has managed to attain succes s in its operations. This means that Healthlite has a lot of room for improvement in the future. And this could be easily attained through redesigning business processes. Currently, the organization uses little or almost non existing technology for their daily company activities. Due to the decentralization, many people are doing the same activities over and over again and doing paperworks manually which are time-consuming and could be transmitted electronically. The rapid growth of the company requires that Healthlite should quickly implement systems changes to improve its business processes and to get the product and services to the customer in a promptly and efficiently. Healthlite’s management also posed some problems due to their very conservative views regarding technology. They need guidance in determining a proven system in which they will be comfortable. The management’s support in the new business process is essential in implementing the changes effectively and leads the company into the future as well as to guarantee its competitive advantage. The company needs to know the importance of using the systems development lifecycle. This process is vital in creating a new business system that will be useful for the company. Also, this phase is important to establish efficient procedures when developing programs that will best fit Healthlite’s needs. An enterprise system will be necessary to advance Healthlite into the future. At the present the company may only focus on redesigning the ordering, sales, and marketing processes. But later on, Healthlite management needs to realize that the CRM system is going to need to be scalable. Healthlite’s business growth despite the difficulties it encountered could mean that the company has a lot of growth potentials in the future. Healthlite therefore needs to accommodate future changes and bigger adjustments. And the new business process they are about to install must be able to handle these changes and need for additional data. The company needs to identify and get rid of the sources of the accounting discrepancies annually between headquarters and the sales force. Management needs the accounting information to make decisions necessary for the company’s growth. The accounting report helps them to address potential problems and see possibilities for future expansion. The discrepancies in their accounting records due to the errors incurred are thus potentially making business decision on bad data. Before the implementation, management needs to address these problems to ensure that they will not arise in the future using the new system. Management needs to take time in implementing the headcount reductions. A successful implementation requires that all employees will be there during its implementation phase. The installation and use of the new system requires the support of all employees. https://support.pearson.com/getsupport/s/?sitename=CW+-+WPStabset-dd12d=1 http://business.vcu.edu/departments-and-centers/information-systems/department-resources/software/ https://www.bl.uk/business-and-ip-centre/industry-guides https://identitech.com.au/

Importance of Teachers Essay Example for Free

Importance of Teachers Essay A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where is influence stops. Henry Adams Teaching is a timeless profession. It is the basis of all other professions. Good teachers plant seed that make good doctors, good accountants, good public servants, good statesmen, good taxi drivers, and good astronauts. When former students return to see me over the years, my heart fills up in the knowledge that I have been part of a wonderful accumulation of experiences that followed them through life. Mary Bicouvaris. If your plan is for a year, plant rice. If your plan is for a decade, plant trees. If our plan is for a lifetime, educate children. Confucius I am a teacher because of teachers. They showed me that someone other than my mother could love me. Guy Doud In a completely rational society, the best of us would be teachers and the rest of us would have to settle for something else. Lee Iacocca What else is needed is something that teachers themselves are reluctant to talk about openly and it’s our respect for them. It’s what is missing in America, and it’s what has been too long withheld from a profession so important to our national well being, as important as doctors or captains of industry or TV commentators. From sunup to sundown, the school teachers you have seen tonight work harder than you do – no matter what you do. No calling in our society is more demanding than teaching. No calling in our society is more selfless than teaching. No calling in our society is more central to the vitality of a democracy than teaching. Roger Mudd To me the sole hope of human salvation lies in teaching. George Bernard Shaw Each of these quotes speaks to me, not merely because I am a teacher, although that is part of it. Like Guy Doud, I am in part a teacher because of other teachers, and love – directly expressed or not – was certainly part of it. It was my AP American History teacher Thomas Rock who challenged me to live up to what I could do, and it was Music Professor John Davison who demonstrated the deep love for every student who passed through his care, including me. I hope that I return both lessons with my own students. I know the importance of respect. I cannot demand it from my students but must earn it, in large part by acting with respect towards them. It might be helpful were the media and many politicians and far too many parents not reinforcing a different attitude. In part it is because we do not pay teachers, and if they make so little, they cannot be that important, right? Except, as I might note, in one 45 minute period I spend more quality time with some of my students than they get from their parents, which is a different tragedy. Our society needs to reexamine how we value people, and not have such an emphasis on money and overt power. The Henry Adams quote is one I have long cherished. The affects of my own teachers continue on me today. And I have now taught long enough to be no longer be surprised at some of the students who come back to thank me. It worries me that some of my long-term affects upon students might not be so salutary, which is one reason I try to be aware of how my words and actions can have impact far beyond their immediate purpose. I am only in my 13th year of teaching, but am already experiencing some of what Mary Bicouvaris writes about. If you are a parent, you have every right to demand that your children’s teachers see them as individuals, but please remember yours may be one of almost 200 children that teacher deals with every day. If you want more personal attention for your child, demand smaller classrooms, lower student loads per teacher so that they are capable of giving that attention. If you are a policy maker, remember that the decisions you make can support or prevent the kind of teaching environment that makes a difference in the life of a child. Teaching is about much more than cramming information into heads so that it can be given back on high stakes tests which really do not tell us all that much useful information. All of us have had teachers. And even if we were too shy, or too stubborn, to express our thanks at the time, we can always drop a note or make a call, or if possible stop by and say hello, and thank those who made a difference for us. Sometimes we worry about the students who pass through our care, that we did not do enough, care enough, and it can help a teacher who is wondering whether to continue the struggle to hear of the differences s/he made. Sometimes that can be the one thing that keeps a teacher going for one more year. I know I can make a difference. And I am not making these requests on my own behalf. But while I claim to speak for no one except myself, I also acknowledge that I have a voice – and a keyboard – that seems to be able to express in ways others may not be able to, to reach eyes and ears and minds to which many do not have access. So this is my offering today. It is about the importance of teachers. You probably already know about that importance, but I figured a gentle reminder might not hurt. Peace.

How Do Biometrics Affect Privacy?

How Do Biometrics Affect Privacy? Introduction The research question for this essay is going to be how Biometrics affects Privacy. This particular question is chosen because in the increasing number of biometrics systems that are emerging, which has increased the risk of invading privacy. The issue that is going to be discussed in this paper is that how increasing biometrics technology has raised concerns in relation to the protection of individual privacy and has the government took biometric technology a step too far in invading privacy. This issue is important because as more and more biometric technology comes into use, the protection of privacy is going to be taken away and individuals have a right to keep certain information about themselves anonymous and have the right to be left alone. The argument is that how can the government collect biometrics of individuals without having too much information, and unnecessary information. Businesses and organisations that hold information about their employees and other individuals, surely must be concerning on how safe the information is and how the business uses this information for the right reasons. Context Biometrics is being used more frequently in everyday life, they are used for verification as after 9/11 security has been tightened and more checks on people are being undertaken. More checks mean that more information is needed about individuals including biometric information, this leads to a whole new topic of should organisation should be allowed to collect biometric data? Is this not a step too far? All this talk about biometrics being used in various places, but what is biometrics? Biometrics is the collection of personal data such as fingerprints, iris, retina, voice, hand geometry etc. All these characteristics are stored on a centralised database where they can identify people who are criminals. This type of technology is used mostly everywhere now with the aim to cut down on crime. Biometrics are being used more by organisations and governments, because biometrics is accurate discrimination between individuals, Over the years, Biometric Technology has been considered as a measure of the highest security method. The primary reason for the use of biometric technology is to cut down on criminal activities, as Dr Ann Cavoukian says in the journal Privacy and Biometrics, that finger prints are used by the police to identify criminals. This, some would say is a encouraging move in order to prevent criminal activities, but on the other hand some would raise the question that, is biometric technology a step too far in invading individuals privacy?. The increasing use of Biometrics has raised concerns regarding individual privacy, as Prabhakar says in the journal Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy Concerns Those who desire to remain anonymous in any particular situation could be denied their privacy by biometric recognition. Individuals have the right to protect their privacy and have control of what information others should have about them, in the paper Privacy and or as Freedom, Gos Hose in, says individuals must be allowed to choose what information is made available about themselves, and under which circumstances. Biometrics however, does not allow individuals to have an option on what information may be stored, as the databases have individuals, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris and also voice, many major companies have individuals personal details, but knowing that your personal features are stored away on a database can be somewhat of a concern. These concerns are all valid, as all this information can be hacked, or even leaked. Billy Hawkes, Data Protection Commissioner of Ireland said that Personal information might be shared with third parties, with or without a persons knowledge. There are always high risks, when personal information is stored of many millions of individuals, the main issue that concerns many people is that how safe is this information. Biometrics is used as a source of identification and verification by the police against criminals. Fingerprints are the most common use for indentifying criminals and the use of fingerprints date back to 1879, where a French policeman named Alphonse Bertillon suggested that people could be precisely identified by carefully measuring different parts of the body, but apart from fingerprints other types of biometrics are also used such as retina, iris and voice prints. All this information put together can create a personal profile of individual. The more extensive use of biometrics has caused privacy issues where there are organisations holding vast amount of data about individuals that may not be needed, in which case people should have control on what information is being stored and for what reason. People do not have a say on what information can be stored or not, there should be a law that individuals should have a right and a say on what information can be stored. Organisations ha ving this information about people, suggests that there is someone always keeping an eye on people and tracking their every move. This brings in the topic of big Brother. In the UK there up as many as 4.2million CCTV cameras, thats equivalent one camera per 14 individuals, which mean that each person in the country is caught on camera an average of 300 times daily. This statistics show that people in UK are being caught on CCTV up to 300 times a day, this affects individuals privacy in a huge manner, as the images captured on CCTV, they are stored on a database where the police can use the images to solve crimes. But the question here is should the capturing of images and storing them on databases be allowed? Most privacy advocates would be against this but people are who are for more security and crack down on crime wouldnt therefore mind these databases storing images. The increase in modern technology these days allows biometrics to uniquely indentify individuals. The ability of biometrics technology to do this has raised concerns regarding privacy even more than before. More and more biometrics is being used in everyday life, for example biometrics are use in school, colleges and organisations. By the use of biometrics in this way, individuals are likely to be monitored more and more. Biometrics affects privacy in a huge way, that it has made people and privacy advocates wonder that is there such thing as privacy in the modern day, with all the new technology evolving. The question many people are asking is that, can biometrics be used in such a way that it doesnt affect individuals privacy? Ann Cavoukian suggested that for authentication, there is no need to store biometrics on a centralised database; the individuals can be giving a card, which has a template of their biometrics stored on the card and it is on the hands on the individual, A template could be stored on a card, in possession of the individual, thereby putting the control over access in the hand of the data subject. This will reduce the threat of invasion in privacy considerably, since more biometrics data will be in the hands of the individuals and the thought of having that personal information about them with them, will make the public feel safer. Identity cards are due to be introduced in the UK either in 2011 or 2012. These cards will contain 2 fingerprints and a photo which will be encoded on a chip which will be on the cards itself. This method will be regarded as being safer by the public, as they will have their own biometrics with themselves and the information that is in the databases will be the same as the information that is stored on the chip. This will determine that only minimum information is known to other people. There are also drawbacks to this practise, as the identity card can be lost or stolen, which means that the persons biometrics are in the hands of someone else. Heathrow airport has launched the use of fingerprint recognition, when terminal 5 was opened back in 2008. This will be used to make sure that the right passengers are boarding the flight as well as being photographed. Is all this really necessary? For years airports have used passports for verification, so what is the need to use biometrics, collect personal information and invade people privacy. David Millward and Gordan Rayner said in the Telegraph that gathering personal information will make innocent people feel like criminals. Launching fingerprint recognition systems at airports is by all means breaching all rights to privacy for individual people. The fact of passengers being photographed when entering the airport and storing the images on their database in wrong, because passengers may not give permission for their photo being taken and storing them on the database. There is always a risk of these images and biometric information getting in the hands of the wrong people. There is always going to be that threat of privacy being invaded by various organisations and everyday activities. After all these threats to individuals privacy and personal information, where does this leave privacy in respect to individuals? Well, many people would say that all these organisations and government having personal information and also storing biometrics, leads to the individuals having no sort of privacy what so ever. In the paper Privacy and or as Freedom written by hoesin gus, there is a quote from William Pitt saying There are many other ways of defining privacy. In an early form, as me moved towards modern democratic systems of governance, privacy was considered as a protection from invasion. Privacy has come a long way over the years and still it continues to increase in terms of individual privacy. As the years have gone on privacy has got out of hand, in terms of what information should organisations and governments have about individuals. There is some inform ation that should be kept with the individual. Should organisations be allowed the have as much information as they wish? Or only information that they require? Information regarding individuals can be potentially dangerous because that information can be passed on to the wrong hands which can lead to identity theft. Biometric Technology has come a long way in terms of authentication and recognition, the question is that is are these systems safe. To build biometric systems the design of it has to be very good and a very safe system. Some say that biometrics is neither good nor bad for privacy, its how the public view privacy, and some people would be in favour of biometrics systems and some people would be against biometrics. According to Timothy Pilgrim, Biometric technologies are not inherently good or bad for privacy. They become good or bad for privacy depending on how they are designed, developed and deployed. Timothy Pilgrim suggests that biometrics is neither good nor bad for privacy, because it depends on how these systems are used and what people make of it. Biometrics has always been a subject of controversy, on how will it be used and how the information will be stored. The opinion on biometrics seems to be divided according to Pilgrim. The use of biometrics is bring piloted in the UK in the form of Identity cards. These identity cards will be handed out to every individual who live in the UK. These ID cards will have a chip on them that will hold personal information also including biometrics of that person. This is a good way of keeping biometric information safe, as this card will be in the possession of the individuals so they can keep their personal information safe. But the drawback is that if that card gets lost, or stolen then others will have your information. Are ID cards a step in the right direction in terms of biometrics? Well its a start, as the individuals will have their own information with them, as in the past that has not been an option. This ID card is said to be similar in look to a UK driving licence but holds more data, including two fingerprints and a photograph encoded on a chip Privacy is a sensitive subject over many years and the introduction of biometrics has not helped the case. Collecting biometric information has caused a lot of controversy in the world. Is it right to collect people biometric information and store it without their permission? Most people would say no and would protest about the fact that the governments and organisations are carrying out this activity. In 2001 at a superbowl game in Florida, they used facial recognition biometrics to identify known criminals and terrorists. This action has been introduced after the September 9, 2001 attacks. After that the biometric industry has been booming according to Privacy Today: A Review of Current (2002). Conclusion Biometrics is used all over the world now, from airport security to verification for an employer in an organisation. Biometrics is a part of life that is going to continue. Collecting personal information of individuals could not get any worse. Individuals have a right to protect their privacy, which include documents and their biometrics. As technology increases, biometrics will play a major part in authentication and identification. But collecting all this information and using biometrics for the above reason causes serious privacy issues. The individuals data is in the hands of someone else and there is always a risk of that information getting leaked and falling in to the wrong hands. There are a lot of disadvantages in using biometric technology, a lot of things have to be considered when using fingerprint and face recognition. Using these techniques can invade individuals personal space and collecting too much personal information about individuals is not respecting their priva cy. Biometrics has come a long way in terms of security and will continue to expand and used more around the world. All these biometrics being used, what can be done to protect individuals? How can information about individuals be more protected, this is a area which people need to think about, personal information about individuals should be kept with them and shouldnt be shared within organisations. So what does this mean for biometrics and privacy? Well the use of biometrics is going to increase, and is going to be used is most public places, how can organisations keep a balance between using and collecting personal information and respecting peoples privacy. In this article the topic of privacy has been discussed, and how biometrics is invading individuals personal space, by collecting personal information about them. To conclude, biometrics has its advantages, by catching known criminals and cutting down on terrorism, but at the cost of all this is to invade people privacy and personal space.

Feminist Foundations Essays -- Feminism Females Essays

Feminist Foundations As the feminist movement has progressed through several generations it has shifted quite a bit in its general approach and theory. Contemporary writers such as Baumgardner and Richards, and Henry have illustrated a generational shift away from structurally aimed actions, and towards individual acts of subversion and small political actions (Baumgardner and Richards 126-202). This current course is very similar to the direction of other highly organic movements such as sustained dialogue. Feminism though, is particularly well documented, justified, and understood. Thus by comparing the feminist movement’s present tack to that of sustained dialogue, it will be possible to gain insight into the direction these movements should take, and this comparison will highlight the essential and effective foundations as well as the crucial divergences of these movements. Finally I will use the idea of objectivity as a justification for social action to create a new model of soci al action and conflict resolution. Within third wave feminism there is a controversy over the significance of subversive actions that are framed by a very specific context. These actions are exemplified by the Girlie movement (Baumgardner and Richards 126-202), where feminists dress in cloths and accessories typically associated with â€Å"girlhood†. While wearing such cloths they execute typical feminist actions or more subtle acts of subversion, the key component is that they rely heavily on the mocking of the dominant society, or on satire. The Girlie movement also expands to women who dress according to the dominant ideas of being â€Å"feminine† as a statement of the absurdity of the stereotype. This type of action is what I... ... My Mother’s Sister. Indiana UP, 2004. Heywood, Leslie, and Jennifer Drake. â€Å"We Learn America Like a Script: Activism in the Third Wave; or Enough Phantoms of Nothing.† Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism. Eds. Leslie Heywood, and Jennifer Drake. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. 40-54. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. â€Å"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.† Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press 2000. 333-358. Nemeroff, Teddy, and David Tukey. Diving in: A Handbook for Improving Race Relations on College Campuses Through the Process of Sustained Dialogue. Washington D.C.: Harold H. Saunders and the International Institute of Sustained Dialogue, 2001. Saunder, Harold H. â€Å"Sustained Dialogue’s Niche.† Source Document: Harold H. Saunders, 2005.

Samuel Beckett Essay -- essays research papers

Beckett's Absurd Characters Beckett did not view and express the problem of Absurdity in any form of philosophical theory (he never wrote any philosophical essays, as Camus or Sartre did), his expression is exclusively the artistic language of theatre. In this chapter, I analyse the life situation of Beckett's characters finding and pointing at the parallels between the philosophical background of the Absurdity and Beckett's artistic view. As I have already mentioned in the biography chapter, Beckett read various philosophical treatises; he was mostly interested in Descartes, Schopenhauer, and Geulincx. These thinkers are the main sources which influenced and formed Beckett's view of the world as well as his literary writings. Beckett's major and the only theme appearing and recurring in all his works, is exclusively the theme of man. Beckett is interested in man as an individual, in his subjective attitude to the world, in confrontation of individual subject with the objective reality. According to Descartes, human being is composed of two different substances: body (res extensa) and mind (res cogitas).21 The body is a part of a mechanical nature, a material substance independent from spirit; and the mind, a pure thinking substance. This distinction of the two qualitative different substances is called subject-object "Cartesian dualism", 22 and it gave rise to number of philosophical problems, the essence of which is Their mutual connection. Beckett's characters are such subjective thinking substances surrounded by mechanical material nature; and as the subject-object connection was the most problematic part of Descartes' concept, it is one of the major motifs Beckett deals with. He uses dramatic symbols, to express the barriers and the walls between the worlds "in" and "out" as to demonstrate their incompatibility. His characters are physically isolated from what is happening "outside" and the space they are imprisoned in, is their inner subjective world. "A Beckett hero is always in conflict with objects around him... he is divided from the rest of the world, a stranger to its desires and needs. The dichotomy between his own mind and body finds an analogy in the outside world in the dichotomy between people and objects. ...tension is created between mind and body, on one hand, and people and objects, on the ot... ...tion, 1992. 10. Friedrich Nietzsche, Tak pravil Zarathustra, trans. Otokar Fischer, (Olomouc: Votobia, 1992) 9. /translation mine/ 11. Martin Esslin, The Theatre of the Absurd (London: Penguin Books, 1986) 23. 12. see Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays, trans. Justin O'Brien, (New York: Vintage Books, 1961) 21-24. 13. Camus 38. 14. see Diane Collinson, Fifty Major Philosophers: A Reference Guide (London: Routledge, 1997) 57-60. 15. Camus 10. 16. Camus 90. 17. Camus 4. 18. see Camus 3-8. 19. Camus 88. 20. Camus 89. 21. see Collinson 58. 22. Collinson 57. 23. Carolyn Riley and Barbara Harte, eds., Contemporary Literary Criticism: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Today's Novelists, Poets, Playwrights and Other Creative Writers, vol. 1 (Detroit: Book Tower, 1973- ) 20. 24. Camus 11. 25. see Collins 100-103. 26. see Collins 100-103. 27. see Arthur Schopenhauer, Svet jako vule a predstava. trans. Jan Dvorak, ed. Thomas Mann (Olomouc: Votobia, 1993). 28. Collins 103. 29. see Camus 33. 30. see Schopenhauer 19. 31. see Friedrich Nietzsche, Filosofie v tragickem obdobi Reku, trans. Jan Brezina and Jiri Horak, (Olomouc: Rektorat UP, 1992) 46-52.

School Violence Essay -- School Violence Essays

On April 20, 1999 Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold opened fire on Columbine Highschool killing twelve fellow classmates and one teacher. School violence changes our youths morals. From bullying to peer pressure, youth are exposed to school violence everyday. What is school violence? School violence varies from accounts of â€Å"death, homicide, suicide, weapon related violence, in the US.† (c1) School violence can occur to and from school, while attending a school sponsored event, on a bus, or at an activity. Violence in school goes back to the 1800s’. The first publicly funded schools for delinquents was built in Massachussettes during 1847. In 1899 Illinois â€Å"established the first statewide court for children†. During the 1900s’ â€Å"progressive education movements challenge, emphasized on strict discipline in public schools†. (b19) In the 1940s’ teachers still supported the use of progressive education, but there was an uproar in juvenile delinquency after World War Two. The 1960s’ courts expanded the use of human rights and process protections to students. School began to hire security, and monitoring devices, to protect schools from vandalism, and burglary. The 1990s’ sparked congress to create a â€Å"gun-free school zone†(b18), by making it illegal to bring guns within 1,000 feet of any school. In 1995 violence for juveniles reached the top at a rapid growth, then declined. Violence has become the growing problem in the United States today. School violence is the se...

A Comparative Study of Hospitality Education Essay

This research looks at the existing standard of hospitality institutes curriculum with special reference to the culinary syllabus in India and proposes various measures to reduce the gap between education imparted by hospitality institutes and the industry expectations from students. This research highlights the need of hospitality education revolution which needs to be upgraded, to be at par with global education standards. The results of this analysis can be used to identify and streamline the standardization process of hospitality education across India. The culinary syllabus has to be prepared with the right combination of faculty and industry experts to strike the right balance between demand and supply. The anticipated outcome of this research is to establish such a hospitality curriculum which should comprise and reflect a selection of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes relevant and valued by the profession, subject disciplines and by the wider society. Keywords: Culinary Institute, Hospitality Education OBJECTIVES 1. To scrutinize if there is a need for better culinary syllabus than the existing one. 2. To assess if there is a gap between theory and practice, offered by academicians and acceptance by industry professionals. 3. To identify if relevant faculty have adequate educational qualifications RESEARCH PROBLEM 1. Non existence of standardized uniform quality culinary syllabus (theory and practical). 2. Faculties education and industry experience co-relates with students learning process. INTRODUCTION GLOBAL SCENARIO In many countries, the traditional approach has largely been modified towards a more integrated approach to curriculum planning and design. An integrated approach is still subject centered but transcends the traditional subject boundaries. At culinary arts training institutes globally, new and exciting ideas are taking shape. Food styles have moved so fast in the past few years that it is difficult to keep pace with the changing gastronomic trends across the globe. Le Cordon Bleu operates the world’s most comprehensive network of hospitality institutes where students spend plenty of time learning the fundamentals that set French cuisine apart and much attention is given to world cuisine and modern culinary techniques. The Art Institutes is a North American chain of educational centers. The International Centre for Culinary Arts (ICCA) Dubai is a world-class vocational school that teaches a mix of Continental and regional culinary methods. As a student, you’ll go beyond basic culinary practices and cooking skills to learn leadership tactics and skills that you can put to use in a multicultural professional setting. Johnson and Wales University founded at Rhode Island in 1914 relies on the latest industry input to stay grounded in emerging culinary breakthroughs without abandoning time-tested techniques. The Culinary Institute of America (CIA) is one of the most prestigious culinary institutes in the US. At the core of the CIA learning curve is an astonishing 1,300 hours of hands-on training in ultra-modern kitchens and bakeries. INDIAN SCENARIO Hotel Management & Catering Technology courses were introduced in Mumbai, India in 1954. National Council was the institution which regularized and gave shape & recognition to these courses later in 1982 by the Ministry of Tourism for coordinated growth and development of hospitality management education in the country. As the first internationally recognized training school for professional culinary arts in India, the Culinary Academy of India is a leader on the Subcontinent. It’s located in the city of Hyderabad. This is a co-relational research with an attempt to analyze the best possible syllabus of Food Production subject taught to under graduate students across India after an in-depth comparison of selected sample size. The sample size method used here is a non probability sample where in I have used my judgment to select universities within India that offer good quality education. The sample size studied represents the best universities to make accurate estimates of the best possible syllabus for Food Production. REVIEW OF LITERATURE This is an essential preliminary task to acquaint with the available body of knowledge in the area of food production syllabus. To broaden the knowledge base in my research area, several syllabus of the following mix of central, state, deemed and private universities across India and abroad were taken into consideration. Syllabus reference from North India: – Ignou, Amity University, Punjab Technical University & AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) Syllabus reference from West India: – Mumbai University, IHM – Aurangabad, Nagpur University & Ycmou (Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University) Syllabus reference from South India: – Manipal University, Anna University, Christ University & CAI (Culinary Academy of India) Syllabus reference from East India: – IIHM, West Bengal University of Technology. International Syllabus of the best culinary institutes: – LCB (Le Cordon Bleu), CIA (Culinary Institute of America), Cornell, FCI, University of Huddersfield – U. K. , & Queen Margaret. Literature reviews of UGC publications, scholarly text books and research papers published in Cornell Sage Publications have been referred for a deeper understanding of the topic. DATA COLLECTION The data for this research is collected through various sources: PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS ?Mail Questionnaire Method ?Discussions with peers ?Telephonic Interviews with industry experts ?Observation Method SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS? Review of previous research papers from Research Journals ? Scholarly culinary Text Books ?UGC publications Reports and Newsletters ?Culinary institute Websites ?Reference of National Council for Hotel Management RTI Act. DATA ANALYSIS ?The data for this research is analyzed through the use of pie charts. DATA INTERPRETATION ?Faculties are interested to enhance their educational qualification because faculty lacks the necessary educational qualifications. ?Faculties would like to get trained in industry to learn latest hospitality trends because faculty lacks the necessary industry experience. ?Hospitality institutes want industry professionals to conduct specific workshops to acquaint students with actual industry procedures. ?There is scope for a better culinary syllabus to be at par with global standards. FINDINGS As per UGC’s 11 Five Year Plan: Continuous updating and revision of curricula is something which must be deeply ingrained in the academic culture of a university. Each individual university must ensure that the curricula development exercise leading to major revision in course contents and curricula is taken up every three years. ?Uniform academic calendar across all institutions of higher education has already been urged upon by the UGC. Universities need to streamline their examination process such that the results are declared in a time-bound manner and no student suffers in his/her career mobility and academic progression due to delays in declaration of results and issue of mark sheet. When planning a course, teachers and course developers need to think about their learners’ needs in terms of the broad context of undergraduate education. Strategies of curriculum development Any curriculum needs to be developed in the light of the organization or context in which it is going to be delivered. If a teacher is developing a small part of a course or programm, then this must fit (in terms of approach, level and content) with the overall course. If a new course is being designed and developed then there are a number of approaches that can be taken and issues that need to be addressed to meet the needs of all stakeholders involved. CONCLUSION ?There is an urgent need for revision and up gradation of existing culinary syllabus in India. ?To minimize the gap between industry and academics, industry professionals should conduct guest sessions in hospitality institutes to teach and update latest hospitality trends. ?Faculties must upgrade their educational qualifications and must engage in research. ?Proposal of a standardized uniform quality culinary syllabus across all hospitality courses in India. SUGGESTION What should be monitored? ?Student recruitment and selection processes Do the candidates meet the selection criteria? Do the criteria provide students who are appropriate for the course? ?Teaching staff Are the teachers available, motivated and capable of teaching the new course? Have any training needs for teachers been identified and addressed? ?The teaching and learning process How is the written curriculum translated into practice? Are the teaching and learning methods appropriate? Is the balance between different types of learning mode appropriate in achieving the stated outcomes? ?Assessment Are the assessments appropriate in terms of level, reliability and validity and do they discriminate between assessing skills, knowledge and attitudes? Are the regulations and procedures appropriate and are they being followed? ?Learning resources Are the recommended books and journals and other teaching materials available? Is access to the library and other resources adequate? ?Performance standards Are the minimum performance standards being reflected and achieved? Thus an ideal syllabus should comprise and reflect a selection of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes relevant and valued by the profession, subject disciplines and by the wider society. BIBLIOGRAPHY Curriculum Review: How Industry Views Hospitality Education †¢Michael M. Lefever and Glenn Withiam Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1998; vol. 39, 4: pp. 70-78. The Future of Hospitality Education: Meeting the Industry’s Needs †¢Raymond J. Goodman, Jr. and Linda G. Sprague Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1991; vol. 32, 2: pp. 66-69. Hospitality Education at the Crossroads †¢Robert C. Lewis Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1982; vol. 23, 2: pp. 12-15. Who Teaches Hospitality Education? A first-of-its kind survey reveals who the prototypical hospitality educator is †¢Denney G. Rutherford Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1982; vol. 23, 2: pp. 38-41. Higher Education for the Hospitality Industry †¢Robert F. Lukowshi, †¢Ray Budde, †¢and Norman B. Cournoyer Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1974; vol. 15, 2: pp. 14-21. Another view of the future of hospitality education †¢David V. Pavesic Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, December 1991; vol. 32, 4: pp. 8-9. Encouraging Creativity in Hospitality Education †¢Dennis H. Ferguson and Florence Berger Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1985; vol. 26, 2: pp. 74-76. Hospitality Faculty: A Motivational Challenge †¢Jerald W. Chesser, †¢Taylor Ellis, †¢and Robert Rothberg Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1993; vol. 34, 4: pp. 69-74. http://asiancorrespondent. com/37372/top-10-global-hospitality-tourism-training-institutes/ http://www. leadinghotelschools. com/ http://www. ciachef. edu/admissions/academics/culinary/ply. asp http://www. cordonbleu. edu/paris/le-grand-diplome/en http://www. iactchefacademy. com/pg. html http://www. manipal. edu/Institutions/HotelManagement/WGSHAManipal/courses/undergraduate/Pages/Welcome. aspx http://www. ihmctan. edu/courses_offered. htm http://www. christuniversity. in/uploadimages/BHM%20Sysllabus%202011. pdf http://www. faculty. londondeanery. ac. uk/e-learning/setting-learning-objectives/Curriculum_design_and_development. pdf http://www. ugc. ac. in/11plan/english11/academicreform. html http://www. hospitalitybizindia. com/detailNews. aspx? sid=29&aid=10376.

What made Delaney’s play dramatic for its audience?

A Taste of Honey was first produced at London's Royal Court Theatre in 1958. Britain in the 1950's was much different than it is now. During the 1950's single parents were a tiny minority of the population. Couples who were living together without getting married would have been condemned by society . Male homosexuality were a criminal offence and it was generally not safe for homosexuals to appear in public. Statistics show that in 1958 approximately 1 in 100 marriages ended in divorce compared to 1995 when approximately 1 in 3 marriages ended in divorce. Also in 1958 there were black communities in the United Kingdom in London, Bristol, Cardiff and Liverpool but they were not common elsewhere. In the 1990's approximately 1 in 20 British citizens is of African, Asian of Caribbean origin. The play A Taste of Honey explores all of the above themes which at the time in 1958 were controversial. The play confronts a range of social issues such as single motherhood, black and white, gay and straight and class. These issues are discussed in a frank manner and from a female point of view both of which were unusual for Britain in the 1950's. During the 1950's. The country was deeply religious quite unlike the Britain of today. During the 1950's the theatre going audience would largely have been made up of the upper classes. A favourite show at that time was â€Å"My Fair Lady† which is a play about a girl named Eliza Do-Little who is taught how to become a â€Å"proper â€Å"Lady. It would only have been in very rare circumstances that the working classes would have attended. To see a play of this nature covering such unsavoury topics would have shocked the middle class audience. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper Although they were aware of the above issues it was unlikely that the average theatre going audience at that time would have had any direct contact with the themes covered. To see a play that was to display such a rollercoaster of emotions would have been quite dramatic in itself. A quote from Deuteronomy 5-6-21 â€Å"You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God, for the lord will not forgive anyone who misuses his name â€Å"Throughout the play Helen and Peter often use blasphemous phrases when angry, which is something that the middle class audience would have found shocking. An example of this is where Peter says â€Å"God! We've got a founder member of the Lord's Day Observance Society here. † Another example is where Helen is speaking to Jo and Helen shouts â€Å"For God's sake shut up! Close your mouth for five minutes. â€Å"The devil is also referred to which is another element that would have startled the audience, not only is the devil mentioned but he is mentioned in front of children. The play is written in a way very similar to that of a soap opera. It has a timeless quality and it would not be out of place if a scene appeared in a soap opera such as Coronation Street today. Coronation Street first appeared in the early 1960's. The play was written to portray the lives of the working class. It was written in a very honest way without the use of â€Å"rose coloured spectacles†. Originally the play was going to be a novel but after seeing a Terence Rattigan play Delaney became disillusioned as Rattigan did not seem to be writing about the sort of places and people that she knew in Salford. The theatre of the 1950's, seemed to describe † safe ,sheltered, cultured lives in charming surroundings and not life as the majority of ordinary people knew it. This was the lifestyle that was more familiar to the Middle Classes. There is irony in the title â€Å"A Taste of Honey† this implies that it is a taste of something sweet or something pleasant. The only real â€Å"sweet† thing throughout the play is the relationship between Boy and Jo. Like Coronation Street the play is set in Salford in the North of England close to Manchester. As previously stated the play is set in a shabby, uncomfortable flat in a poor part of Manchester in Northern England. When Peter first visits the flat he asks â€Å"What on earth made you choose such a ghastly district? † Peter goes on to say â€Å"Nobody could live in a place like this† Jo replies â€Å"Only about a thousand people. Later on he is desperate to leave the flat and says â€Å"Those bloody little street kids have probably pulled the car to pieces by now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. † â€Å"I just want to get the hell out of this black hole of Calcutta. † The above quotes give some insight into Peter's status simply by the fact that he owns a car as this would have been out of reach of most working class people. There is also a hint that Peter is racist with his comment about Calcutta. The middle class audience may have found this element of Peter amusing as they realised that they had more in common with Peter than the other characters. Today such a reference would be totally unacceptable. At this time in Manchester, following a gradual recovery from the war there were many buildings and homes that were sub standard needing urgent modernisation. Often there would be several families sharing the same latrine and bathing facilities. On occasions there would be no bathing facilities at all and a trip to the public baths would be the only place that a bath could be taken. This lack of facilities would have been unheard of amongst the upper classes. Over a period of time these buildings were upgraded or knocked down. This was referred to as slum clearance. A perfectly acceptable phrase then but now more pleasantly referred to as urban regeneration. The focus of the play is on Helen and Jo mother and daughter, their problems and their attempts to cope with life. The act opens with them in the process of moving into their new flat. The flat is in very poor condition cold and damp. Helen has a cold but despite this she is still able to bicker constantly with her daughter. The conversation is like verbal sparring. They bicker constantly over trivial matters such as making coffee or how often to bathe. It soon becomes clear that their relationship is one of ill concealed hostility. Jo does not call Helen mother or mum but refers to instead by her name Helen. The way in which Helen speaks to her daughter would be considered unacceptable today. â€Å"You stupid little devil† and â€Å"You silly little bitch â€Å". This language would have had even greater impact in the 1950's and was deliberately selected by the author to shock the middle class audience. Both Helen and Jo demean each other with comments such as Jo saying to Helen â€Å"You don't look forty. You look sort of well -preserved sixty† Each remark is rebuked and followed by a defensive comment. Helen is described as a crude semi- whore like and a drunk. She is barely forty and has been married and divorced, but her daughter Jo is the result of a brief fling . Peter, her latest conquest is a middle class, wealthy alcoholic womaniser. He is uncouth and racist. Peter often has a dirty tale to tell and is suggestive. He seems to have the manners that would normally be associated with the working class rather than the middle class. Jo attempts to improve their surroundings . Jo yearns for a real home and despite the dreadful condition of their new flat she attempts to give it a homely touch. She wants to plant bulbs and buy a new lampshade. It is the simple things in life that appeal to Jo. Jo is the result of a brief fling that has been raised in difficult circumstances . She has not had the benefit of one loving parent let alone two. There has been no father figure just a constant stream of Helen's boyfriends . This is illustrated when Jo says' you should have asked him to stay. It wouldn't be the first time I've been thrown out of my bed to make room for one of you is†¦ ‘ The fact that Helen is referred to as Helen by Jo reflects the lack of maternal feelings on Helen's behalf. The play at this point raises awareness amongst the middle classes about the plight of the single parent and I am sure that the audience though shocked at the reality would have some sympathy for both women although in different ways. Single parents would have been unheard of amongst the middle classes and if such a situation arose the female would have been forced into marriage to avoid a scandal. Jo is afraid of ‘darkness inside houses' which is an insight into the loneliness and fear that she feels as she is often left alone by her mother. The home is seen as a place of sanctuary, a place of warmth, comfort and love but this is not the case for Jo. Helen is not interested . in any of this she does not wish to make a home for Jo. She is very self centred and feels a bitterness towards Jo. When Jo tries to ask Helen for details about her father Helen replies ‘I didn't do it on purpose. How was I to know you'd materialize out of a little love affair that lasted five minutes? ‘ Jo accuses her mother of being indifferent and running away from her problems. Helen suffers from a lack of morals and does not think twice about leaving Jo unsupervised and alone. Jo displays a responsibility and maturity far beyond her years. Something that has always escaped her selfish immature mother. Nothing must stand in the way of her having a good time. It is clear that Peter had no idea that Helen had a daughter. Jo tries to ruin Helen's relationship with Peter in an attempt to keep her mother for herself. Jo is afraid of loosing her mother yet again. Jo eventually finds a boyfriend, â€Å"boy† He is a 23 year old black sailor. He is on leave over the Christmas period. He appears very casual but is sexually interested in Jo who is just fourteen but lies and tells boy that she is eighteen. Helen is yet again absent. Boy spends Christmas with Jo. Out of desperation and loneliness Jo is intimate with boy which in turn leads to a pregnancy. Although only fourteen she is not naive. She is fully aware that boy is only after ‘one thing ‘although professing to love her and is suspicious as to whether he will return. Boy leaves not knowing that Jo is pregnant. The themes that are explored here are those of underage sex which although fully aware went on the middle class audience would have been shocked to see it portrayed so vividly. Racism is also in evidence here. Simply because Jo's boyfriend is black, he is not worthy of a name and is referred to as boy. This is an example of how black people were thought of as the underclass and boy is often associated with the slave trade. Miscegenation was very much frowned upon by the upper classes. Increasingly lonely Jo invites Geoffrey, a gay man who she met at a fair to stay with her. The middle class audience are now confronted with homosexuality and although aware of its presence in their society. It would have been an activity that would have been conducted behind closed doors. They would not be used to having such a subject flaunted in public. Geoffrey flourishes in the role of caring for and protecting Jo. He cleans and helps with preparations for the birth of the baby. Geoffrey knows that because of his homosexuality this is probably the only chance he will ever have of being a father figure. Geoffrey knows also that he will never be able to have an openly gay relationship because it will be condemned by society and he will be the victim of abuse. Geoffrey and Jo get on well together in an attempt to be ‘normal. ‘ And fit in with an intolerant society. Geoffrey asks Jo to marry him. Jo is not in control of her emotions. She hates the idea of love and motherhood but at the same time is in need of someone to love her. Jo says to Geoffrey ‘You've got nice hands, hard. You know I used to try and hold my mother's hands but she always used to pull them away from me. So silly, really. She had so much love for everyone else but none for me. †She refers to Geoffrey as her big sister, and he is very tolerant of her mood swings. Geoffrey brings Helen back to visit Jo. She is very critical and hostile towards him. Peter arrives and is also very hostile towards Geoffrey. They make jokes about his homosexuality which reflects society attitude towards homosexuality. Peter says ‘Well, is anybody coming for a few drinks? You Staying with the ladies, Jezebel. Peter also refers to Geoffrey as Mary. Helen refers to him as ‘an arty little freak. ‘ In the final scene of the play Jo is in the latter stages of her pregnancy. Jo and Geoffrey are still getting along well. Jo does get upset at one point when Geoffrey buys her a baby doll to help her to learn how to look after the baby. It is a white doll not a black one. Jo threatens to kill the baby. Helen leaves Peter and returns to the flat. Peter has been chatting up a younger woman . Helen seems willing to help Jo and Geoffrey is driven out of the flat. Helen feels that Geoffrey has taken her place. Sadly this situation changes when Jo tells Helen that the father is black. It is at this point in the play that the father of Jo's baby is referred to as Jimmie rather than boy. Helen leaves the flat to go for a drink but the implication is that she may have left for good. Jo is left on her own, smiling but unaware that Geoffrey will not return. The characters in the play are depicted as honest and realistic and full of substance the play gave an accurate account of working class lives . Delaney wanted her characters to be resilient, not depressed by the harshness of their environment. They have to take everyday knocks in their stride . It would have been unusual in the 1950's for a black man and a homosexual man to be presented as natural characters and not placed in the play as freaks or to provide comedy. The comedy in this play comes from the characters themselves and the situations in which they find themselves. The play ends sadly for Jo who will once again be alone. She will however, have a child and something of her own to love. There is however, a positive note a new beginning, a new life . It creates a positive feeling for life. At last Boy has a name Jimmie. The play helps the audience realize that no matter what colour, or class, or sexuality we are all equal. The fact that the play ends with a song is uplifting. Throughout the play it was boy who made up these little songs and who sang them to her. The fact that she is singing a song as she is alone brings back memories of a time when she was happy. When life for her was sweet. It was a time when she had ‘A Taste of Honey' The themes explored in depth above of the class system, dysfunctional families, (a single mother with a child of dual heritage living with a homosexual male who is not related to her. Racism, homophobia, alcoholism, prostitution, dialogue, offensive language all contribute to the fact that Delaney's play was dramatic for its audience. The dialogue is witty sharp and unsentimental. The issues covered in the play are still fresh and anyone one of them could be headline news tomorrow. It portrays complex relationships which are constantly at the forefront in today 's society. Some critics actually saw Delaney's work as a protest against working class poverty and the hopelessness of a flawed social system. The play demanded attention and as a result the public began to change their attitude towards art and society. I think that the ending of the play is one of the most dramatic moments throughout. Jo is left on her own, waiting to give birth to a black child, which as discussed before was frowned upon in that time. This would be said to be a Hollywood ending as many of us believe that Hollywood endings are make believe, they are this to impress the audience as situations in this matter would not have happened, which leads us to think is it real? This then relates to a book â€Å"The Catcher in The Rye† because the book is about phoneys, although how it is all real and makes us think of the situation. This in relation to â€Å"a Taste Of honey† is quite similar, because although the ending is dramatic, situations like this happened in the 1950's and the fact Jo was abandoned because of her black child was not frowned upon, because it seemed like the right thing to do.